What is consciousness?

Can we create it? If we can, how can we know when it is conscious? Are unborn babies conscious, at what point? Are animals conscious? Does consciousness exist, is it all just matter in the end? Do we have free will? Are we any more than the product of DNA + surroundings? Are we just a really complex, organic, computer program? What is pain? Can we program a supercomputer to feel it? Isn't it just an adverse reaction to stimulus? Can't we already program computers to do that? Do they feel pain when that happens? Why are we still able to push through something when we experience pain? Is there a limit to how much pain we can feel? What about pleasure? Is intense pleasure painful?